A small genus of 8 species of trees that are part of the larger Ericaceae family.
All Madrones are EVERGREEEN. The branches are often twisted giving them a picturesque effect.
The Madrones prefer full sun, moderate moisture and deep, fertile well drained soil on a site sheltered from excessive wind. They should be installed as containerized plants at a young age since they resent root disturbance and older trees are difficult to transplant. Insect pest and disease problems rarely occur.
Young trees should be pruned to a single leader, side shoots should be retained but shortened. Eventually prune to limb up and expose the trunk. Trees may occasionally need thinning. Pruning is typically done in early April.
Propagation is from seed sown in autumn or semi-ripe cuttings taken late in summer, autumn or winter.
Arbutus andrachne ( Greek Madrone )
A dense, heavy set, broadly spreading medium size tree native from southeast Europe to southwest Asia
. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 3 feet; 20 years - 40 x 40 feet; largest on record - 60 x 60 feet with a trunk diameter of 5 feet.
The smooth edged, oval leaves, up to 5 x 3 inches are smooth glossy deep green above, smooth pale green beneath.
The small urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length, are greenish in bud opening to white and are borne on short stalks in an upright terminal cluster up to 4 x 4 inches during early spring.
The nearly smooth, rounded fruits are an orange-red berry up to an inch across.
The red bark peels and flakes away in thin strips to expose fresh orange-brown bark beneath.
Hardy north to zone 6 though young trees may need some extra protection against the cold north of zone 8.
* excellent photo link found on internet
http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=663
Arbutus x andrachnoides ( Hybrid Madrone )
A heavy set, spreading medium size tree that is the hybrid between Arbutus andrachne & A. unedo. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 3 feet; largest on record - 80 x 60 feet with a trunk diameter of 52 inches.
The toothed, elliptical leaves, up to 5.3 x 2 inches are smooth glossy deep green above, smooth pale green beneath.
The small, white, urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length are borne on short stalks in an drooping terminal cluster over a long season between fall and spring.
The warty, strawberry-like fruits are red and up to 0.65 inches across.
The orange-red bark peels vertically in long thin strips.
Hardy zone 7 to 9 and is tolerant of alkaline soil. Propagated from semi-ripe cuttings taken during late summer.
Marina
Larger, glossy leaves, to 6 inches in length. A handsome tree; it is also fast growing when young, moderate growing after reaching around 50 feet and growing at rates of up to 3 feet per year.
The flowers are pinkish-white.
The attractive bark is red.
Tolerates as low as 0 F and is drought tolerant.
Arbutus arizonica ( Arizona Madrone )
A rare, heavy set, broadly columnar, handsome, large tree native to the mountains of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, south in mountains in western Mexico to Jalisco. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 3 feet; largest on record - 82 x 52 feet with a trunk diameter of 5 feet; oldest tree on record - 225 years. This beautiful tree should be much more frequently used in landscaping, especially in moist summer climates where other Madrones will not grow.
The smooth edged, thick, lance shaped leaves, up to 6 x 2.5 inches
The handsome foliage is glossy deep green above, pale brown-green beneath.
The small, white to pink, urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length, are borne on loose panicles up to 2.5 inches in length during summer.
The rough, warty, strawberry-like fruits are orange-red and up to 0.3 inches across.
On young trees the shiny orange-red bark flakes away to reveal fresh green bark beneath. The bark on very old trees is scaly and ashy-gray.
Hardy zones 6 to 10 in full sun to partial shade preferring moderate to ample summer moisture. It is drought and heat tolerant though trees should be kept moist until establishment. Highly resistant to storm damage. It is not known to grow in the humid eastern U.S.
Arbutus canariensis ( Canary Island Madrone )
A dense, heavy set, broadly dome shaped medium size tree that is similar to Arbutus unedo ( except for larger leaves ) and is native to the Canary Islands where it is highly endangered. Old trees are gnarled in appearance. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 2.5 feet; 10 years - 25 feet; 20 years - 40 x 40 feet; largest on record - 50 x 46 feet with a trunk diameter of 2.8 feet.
The toothed, oblong leathery leaves, up to 6 x 2 inches are smooth very glossy deep green above, smooth pale green beneath.
The small, white to pale pink, urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length are borne on short stalks in loose panicles up to 6 inches in length from late summer to early fall.
The warty, strawberry-like fruits are red and up to 1.5 inches across. They ripen during autumn from previous years flowers which is why this tree flowers and fruits both at the same time. The fruits are edible though gritty in texture.
The red-brown bark is flaking and rough and does not peel unlike that of most other Arbutus.
Hardy zones 8 to 10, it grows in sun or shade and while preferring sandy soil, it is soil tolerant, even tolerating lime.
It is easily grown from tissue culture but not cuttings.
* photo of unknown internet source
Arbutus glandulosa
A dense, heavy set, broadly spreading medium size tree, up to 40 x 20 feet that is native to mountain Pine-Oak forests in southern Mexico. It is threatened with extinction in its native range.
The smooth edged, oval leaves, up to 5 x 3 inches are smooth glossy deep green above, smooth pale green beneath.
The small, pinkish flowers are borne in terminal clusters during winter.
They are followed months later by smooth, orange, rounded fruits.
The light pinkish-brown bark peels and flakes away in thin strips to expose fresh creamy bark beneath. The bark is extremely attractive.
Hardy zones 9 to 10.
Arbutus menziesii ( Pacific Madrone )
A heavy set, broadly columnar, handsome, large tree native to western North America from southwest British Columbia to California.
Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 3 feet ( 10 feet recorded on sprouts ); 20 years - 40 x 40 feet; 30 years - trunk diameter of 1.2 feet; largest on record - 162 x 100 feet with a trunk diameter of 11 feet; oldest tree on record - 600 years. Though not native there, very large trees already occur in the British Isles.
The smooth edged, oval leaves, up to 7 x 4 inches are smooth glossy deep green above, smooth blue-white beneath.
The small, white, urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length, are greenish in bud opening to white and are borne on large, upright to drooping clusters up to 9 x 6 inches during mid to late spring.
The rough, warty, strawberry-like fruits are orange to red and up to 1 inches across.
The fruit make a good juice but are not good eaten fresh due to the large seeds.
The red bark peels and flakes away in thin strips to expose fresh olive-green bark beneath. Bark on very old trees becomes darker and fissured.
Hardy zones 6 to 9, it prefers humid areas and acidic well drained soil that is dry during summer ( in fact this tree only grows in climates with little or no summer rainfall ). It is drought tolerant and excessive irrigation can kill a mature tree as can changing soil grade/drainage. Transplant seedling before they reach a foot in height, or you risk serious damage or death of plant.
* photo of unknown internet source
* photo taken by Frank A. Waugh @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Palisades
A new cultivar developed by The Desert Northwest in Sequim, WA that originates from a grove high up in the Cascades mountains. Similar in appearance but much hardier than regular Arbutus menziesii, it has much potential for expanding this most attractive trees range into the Intermountain West as well as eastern Washington / Oregon.
Likely hardy north to zone 5a, it can tolerate as low as -20 F!
Arbutus texana ( Texas Madrone )
Also called Arbutus xalapensis var texana. A rare, heavy set, broadly columnar, handsome, large tree native to the mountains of western Texas, south into mountains of eastern Mexico through to Nicaragua.
. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 3 feet; largest on record - 82 x 40 feet with a trunk diameter of 5 feet.
The smooth edged, thick, oval leaves, up to 6 x 2.5 inches though usually much smaller.
The handsome, leathery foliage is glossy deep green above, smooth blue-white beneath.
The small, white to pale pink, urn shaped flowers, up to 0.3 inches in length, are borne on clusters up to 2.5 inches in length during mid to late spring.
The rough, warty, strawberry-like fruits are orange to red and up to 0.3 inches across.
The bark is orange-red and peels in thin sheets.
Hardy zones 7 to 9 ( trees of western Texas mountain origin are hardier north to zone 5b, easily tolerating -15 F and possibly below -20 F ). It is drought and heat tolerant though trees should be kept moist until establishment. Highly resistant to storm damage. It does sometimes grow on limestone bluffs in the wild and therefore unlike other species, alkaline tolerant yet it also grows on acidic soil.
* photo taken by D.M. Earl @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Arbutus unedo ( Strawberry Tree )
A dense, heavy set, broadly dome shaped medium size tree reaching around 40 feet that is native the Mediterranean region and also southwest Ireland. Old trees are gnarled in appearance. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 2.5 feet; 10 years - 25 ( 10 is average ) feet; 20 years - 40 x 40 feet; largest on record - 60 x 60 feet with a trunk diameter of 5 feet.
The toothed, oblong leathery leaves, up to 4.3 x 2 inches are smooth very glossy deep green above, smooth pale green beneath.
The small, white ( rarely pink ), urn shaped flowers, up to 0.25 inches in length are borne on short stalks in an drooping terminal cluster up to 2 inches during autumn.
The warty, strawberry-like fruits are red and up to 1.5 inches across. They ripen during autumn from previous years flowers which is why this tree flowers and fruits both at the same time. The fruits are edible though gritty in texture.
The red-brown bark is rough, fissured and does not peel unlike that of most other Arbutus.
Hardy zones 6 to 10, it grows in sun or shade and while preferring sandy soil, it is soil tolerant, even tolerating lime. A clone from Ireland is known to have survived -22 F
* photos taken on October 17 2010 @ U.S. National Arboretum, D.C.
* photo of unknown internet source
* excellent photo link found on internet
http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=667
Compacta
A miniature form, rarely reaching as large as 12 x 10 feet ( typically about half that ).
Rubra
Pink flowers
Arctostaphylos ( MANZANITA )
A genus of plants mostly native to coastal California and mountains of the western U.S, with exception of 2 species native to cool to cold northerly climates around the world. They are part of the larger Ericaceae family and likewise prefers acidic, well drained soil and protection from excessive cold winds. They should be installed while small as they hate root disturbance. They also hate root confinement which makes them poor container plants. Do not water overhead during hot weather, in fact most species prefer deep soil that is not watered at all during summer once established. When first installed, water them weekly but taper off once they establish and begin to grow. They prefer a stone mulch or bark rather than organic mulch. Fertilizing is generally not recommended.
Most Manzanitas are at home in a Mediterranean climate such as California or Europes Mediterranean, MOST MANZANITAS DO NOT GROW IN THE HUMID EASTERN U.S. unless otherwise noted. A true Mediterranean plant, most Manzanitas are easy to grow if treated as such.
The flowers attract hummingbirds. They flower on previous year wood which is something to keep in mind when pruning.
The fruits make a good tea if boiled briefly.
A semi-popular drink in the Manzanitas native range is Manzanita Cider ( check external link - http://honest-food.net/2010/08/22/manzanita-cider/ ).
Another good drink is made from the pulp of the berries if the seeds are removed.
Manzanita has a natural adaptation to fire. The plants burn easily however being that they burn away quickly during a forest fire, there is rarely enough heat to damage the roots which quickly resprout. The fire actually rejuvenates the plant as its roots hold the soil from rains that may follow.
Manzanita burns with an oily black smoke. It may be a fire hazard in some areas so it should be mixed with either plants that do NOT burn easily or used on sites where they are surrounded by non vegetation.
Propagation is from cuttings ( difficult ) or seed which should be soaked in boiling water, scarified in acid or covered by pine needles and lit on fire. The seeds have a very hard shell and are programed in the wild to sprout after forest fire in order to take advantage of abundant light.
Pharmacology: The leaves contain Arbutin, which is also found in Cranberries. Arbutin is a diuretic and also kills urinary infections.
The leaves can be used for tea but have strong medicinal properties.
Smoking Manzanita and drinking alcohol at the same time may bring intoxication however it can bring along the side effect of central nervous system depression.
The very early spring flowers are an important source of nectar of Honey Bees.
The berries are an important source of food for wildlife.
The wood is rarely used since large plants are rare, however the finely grained wood is very valuable to wood carvers and cabinet makers. The wood is extremely hard.
* photo of unknown internet source
Arctostaphylos alpina ( Alpine Bearberry )
Similar to A. uva-ursi and is native to heaths in cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere ( from Scotland thru Russia to Alaska as well as northern North America incl. Greenland; south to B.C., New Hampshire & Maine ). In Europe it ranges south to the Pyrenees & the Alps, and in Russia it is found wild as far south as the Altai Mountains. It is creeping in habit and reaches a maximum size of 1 x 10 feet.
The finely toothed, lance-shaped leaves turn to scarlet red during autumn.
Unlike other species of Arctostaphylos, this one is not evergreen.
The pendulous white flowers are borne in axilliary racemes.
The berries are similar to A. uva-ursi but taste better and are juicier. Cooking still however does improve the taste. They are red then later ripening to deep purple during autumn.
Hardy zones 1 to 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos andersonii ( Santa Cruz Manzanita )
An evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 17 feet, that is native to redwood forest openings in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California.
Some records include: feet.
The toothed leaves, up to 2.8 x 1 inches, are deeply lobed at the base. The foliage ranges from glaucous powdery white to green.
The flowers are borne in racemes during early spring.
They are followed by sticky fruit, up to 0.3 inches.
Propagation is from seed only. Unlike many other Manzanita, this one does not resprout after fire.
Arctostaphylos auriculata ( Mount Diablo Manzanita )
An evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 15 feet, that is native to the Mount Diablo area in Contra Costa County in California.
The leaves, up to 2.8 x 1.3 inches, are deeply lobed at the base. The overlapping leaves are silvery.
The profuse flowers are borne in racemes during early spring.
They are followed by hairy fruit, up to 0.4 inches.
Propagation is from seed only. Unlike many other Manzanita, this one does not resprout after fire.
Arctostaphylos Austin Griffith
A fast growing, long-lived, twisted tree, reaching up to 12 x 8 feet, that is basically a larger leaved Dr Hurd in appearance.
The foliage is healthy and green all year.
The pink flowers are borne on large clusters during late winter and lasting up to 6 weeks.
The attractive trunk is smooth and mahogany-red.
Hardy zones 7b to 9 F.
Arctostaphylos bakeri ( Bakers Manzanita )
A mid-sized, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 10 feet, that is native to mountain scrub and woodlands in Sonoma Co., California.
The oval leaves, up to 1.3 inches in length, are rough and dull to glossy deep green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by smooth, rounded, red berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
Hardy zones 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
Louie Edmonds
Reaches up to 6 x 4 feet in 5 years, eventually to 8 x 6 feet.
The foliage is gray-green.
The flowers are pink.
The bark is smooth and deep red to purple.
Hardy north to zone 7a, tolerating 0 F.
Arctostaphylos canescens ( Hoary Manzanita )
A compact shrub reaching a maximum size of 7 x 6 feet, that is native to forests from southwest Oregon and northern California. It is long lived and can live up to 100 years.
The smooth-edged, pointed, rounded or oblong leaves, up to 2 x 1.3 inches, are densely white felted, later turning to green. The leaves gradually loose their downy texture.
The white to pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense clusters.
They are followed by brown berries, up to 0.3 inches.
The twigs are smooth and deep red.
Hardy zones 6 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil, thriving where yearly precip. exceeds 30 inches.
Arctostaphylos catalinae ( Santa Catalina Manzanita )
An evergreen shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 17 x 10 feet, that is native to Santa Catalina Island off the coast of California.
The smooth-edged to toothed, ovate or elliptical leaves, up to 2 x 1.3 inches, are bright green.
The flowers are pink.
The twigs are bristly.
Hardy zones 8 to 11 in partial shade. Tolerant of persistent salt wind.
Arctostaphylos x coloradoensis
An attractive, vigorous, evergreen, groundcover shrub, reaching up to 15 inches x 6 feet.
The showy, exfoliating bark is orange-red.
The bright pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne during spring.
They are followed by red fruit during autumn.
Hardy zones 4b to 8 in partial shade on sandy, well drained soil. Drought tolerant. Water regularly for the first few summers until it is fully established. Rabbit and deer resistant.
Arctostaphylos columbiana ( Columbia Manzanita )
Also called Hairy Manzanita. A dense, erect evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 33 x 15 feet ( rarely over 18 ) with trunk diameter of 5 inches, that is native to coniferous forests from coastal British Columbia to northern California. It is fast growing, at least for a Manzanita and can be trained as a small tree.
The oval leaves are up to 3 x 1.3 inches, are fuzzy dull green.
The small, white, urn-shaped flowers are borne on pendulous racemes.
They are followed by red fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The branches are hairy.
Hardy zones 7 to 9 ( tolerates as low 0 F - possibly below -10 F for inland mountain clones ), thriving where annual precip. exceeds 35 inches. This Manzanita tolerates wetter climates than most. Columbia Manzanita requires full sun or partial shade and can tolerate a soil PH from 3 to 7. The seeds need consumption by animals ( scarification going thru digestive system ) or fire to germinate.
Arctostaphylos confertiflora ( Santa Rosa Island Manzanita )
A twisted small shrub reaching a maximum size of 6.5 x 8 feet, that is native to the Channel Islands and Santa Rosa Islands where it is endangered.
Some records include: feet.
The broad ovate to round leaves, up to 1.8 x 1.5 inches, are dull bright green.
The creamy-white flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by fuzzy fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The bark is gray to deep red.
Hardy zones 9 to 11
Arctostaphylos cruzensis ( La Cruz Manzanita )
A small and flat, groundcover, evergreen shrub, reaching up to 2 x 6 feet; that is native to the shoreline in San Luis Opispo & Monterey Counties in California.
The small, pointed, oval leaves, up to 1.3 x 1 inches, are bright green with a thin red edge.
The very pale pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in racemes.
They are followed by fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The shredded bark is red.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 in full sun to partial shade.
Arctostaphylos densiflora ( Vine Hill Manzanita )
A spreading shrub reaching a maximum size of 5 x 7 feet, that is native to scrubland Sonoma County, California where it is extremely endangered with all remaining wild plants growing in one stand.
Some records include: 5 years - x 7 feet.
The elliptical leaves, up to 1.3 inches in length, are glossy mid-green.
The white to pinkish-white flowers are borne in short upright panicles. The flowers attract hummingbirds to the garden.
They are followed by berries, up to 0.2 inches across.
The bark is smooth and dark red.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 in full sun to partial shade on sandy, well drained soil. Drought tolerant.
Emerald Carpet
A handsome, trailing, low spreading groundcover shrub, reaching up to 14 inches x 7 feet, forming a dense groundcover.
The foliage is glossy green .
Harmony
A very attractive shrub, reaching up to 7 x 6 feet.
The glossy green leaves are the largest of any cultivar.
The showy, pink flowers are borne on clusters during late winter and lasting up to 6 weeks.
Hardy zones 7a to 10. Easy to grow.
Howard McMinn
A very attractive, fast growing, dense, mounding, large shrub to small tree. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 1 foot; largest on record - 12 x 22 feet.
The foliage is glossy deep green. The urn-shaped flowers, borne over a 6 week period beginning late winter, are pink at first then fading to white.
They are followed by deep red fruit.
Hardy zones 7b to 10, minor damage to foliage at 0 F.
Sentinel
Reaches up to 5 x 5 feet in 5 years, with a maximum size of 10 x 7 feet. Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 2 feet. The deep green foliage is felted at first.
The leaves are heavily downy.
The deep pink flowers borne late winter to early spring are followed by deep reddish-orange berries.
The trunk and stems are smooth and deep orange.
Hardy zones 6+
Arctostaphylos diversifolia ( Summer Holly )
Also called Comarostaphylis diversifolia. A moderate growing upright shrub or small tree, reaching a maximum size of 30 x 20 feet, that is native from California into the Baja Peninsula.
The leaves, up to 6 x 3.2 inches in length, are glossy deep green.
The white flowers are borne in downy racemes, up to 2.5 inches in length, during late spring into summer.
They are followed by somewhat wrinkled, small, red berries.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 ( populations from lower elevations more likely zone 8 + ) in full sun on well drained soil. It thrives in Mediterranean climates at least north to Victoria BC on the North American west coast.
Arctostaphylos edmundsii ( Little Sur Manzanita )
A fast growing, prostrate, low shrub reaching a maximum size of 3 x 20 ( rarely over 10 ) feet, that is native to coastal cliffs in Monterey County in California. The stems root as they touch the ground. Makes a great groundcover.
The leathery, ovate to rounded leaves, up to 1.3 inches in length, are bronze at first, later turning glossy deep green. The young foliage is edged in red.
The small, white to very light pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne on dense racemes. They are followed by glossy red-brown berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
Hardy zones 6 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil., tolerant of heavy and wet soil.
Arctostaphylos gabilanensis ( Gabilan Manzanita )
An evergreen erect shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum height of 17 feet, that is native to scrubland and coulter pine woodland on the border of Monterey & San Benito Counties in California where it is extremely endangered.
The oval leaves, up to 1.5 x 1 inches, are waxy gray-green.
The white to pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in racemes, up to 3 inches in length.
They are followed by rounded, red-brown fruit, up to 0.6 inches across.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa
A very attractive, vigorous, erect to broad and flat topped, mid-sized evergreen shrub, reaching a maximum size of 13 x 15 feet, that is native from Oregon to the Baja Peninsula.
Some records include: 10 years - 13 feet.
The ovate to elliptic leaves, up to 2 x 1 inches, range from bright green to glaucous blue.
The white flowers are followed by red berries.
Hardy zones 6 to 9 in full sun to partial shade on well drained soil.
Very fungus and leaf spot resistant.
Arctostaphylos glauca ( Bigberry Manzanita )
A small tree reaching around 25 feet, that is native to California.
Some records include: 2 years - 3 feet from 1 gallon; largest on record - 43 x 45 feet with a trunk diameter of 1.5 feet. It is long lived, living up to 100 years.
The elliptical leaves, up to 2 inches in length, are dull gray-green.
The white to pink flowersy are followed by sticky brown berries.
Berries taste better than most Manzanitas.
The bark is dark red.
Hardy zones 6 to 10 ( tolerating as low as -4 F ) in full sun on well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos glutinosa ( Schreibers Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 6.5 feet, that is native to scrubland on the western slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains in California where it is endangered.
The densely arranged, stemless leaves, up to 2 x 1.3 inches, are woolly and dull greenish-gray.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by red fruit.
Arctostaphylos hookeri ( Monterey Manzanita )
A mat-forming to mounded shrub reaching a maximum size of 4 x 15 feet, that is native to central California including San Francisco.
The small, oval to spatulate leaves, are luxuriant mid-green.
The white to pink flowers are borne in dense racemes during
They are followed by oval to rounded, glossy red berries.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil.
subsp. franciscana ( Franciscan M. )
A very low, prostate groundcover shrub, reaching up to 8 inches x 4 feet.
Hardy zones 8a to 10
Ken Taylor
Dense in habit, reaching up to 2 x 8 feet.
Hardy zones 7a to 10
Wayside
Very vigorous and spreading, reaching up to 2.5 x 12 feet, making an excellent groundcover for dry sunny banks.
The leaves are small and green.
The stems are reddish.
Full sun to partial shade, tolerates as low as 5 F.
Arctostaphylos imbricata ( San Bruno Mountain Manzanita )
A mat forming to mounded, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 40 inches, that is native to scrubland on San Bruno Mountain in San Mateo County where it is endangered.
The smooth to tooth-edged, rough, oval to rounded leaves, up to 1.6 x 1.3 inches, are bright green.
The white, urn-shaped flowers, up to 0.2 inches, are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by hairy fruit, up to 0.2 inches.
Requires fire for reproduction.
Arctostaphylos insularis ( Island Manzanita )
A large, spreading evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 17 x 15 feet, that is native to Santa Cruz Island in California where it is rare.
The oval leaves, up to 2 x 1.3 inches, are smooth, glossy bright green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense inflorescences.
They are followed by orange-brown fruit, up to 0.6 inches.
Hardy zones 8 to 9 ( tolerating as low as -5 F ) in full sun on well drained soil. Tolerant of heavy soil and drought.
Dr Hurd
Fast growing, reaching a maximum size of 15 x 20 feet.
Arctostaphylos John Dourley
A handsome, low, spreading shrub, reaching up to 3 x 4 feet in 5 years, eventually wider.
The very attractive foliage is orange-red at first, turning to blue-green with a narrow red edge.
The very light pink flowers are borne late winter to early spring and are followed by red berries.
The showy bark is deep mahogany-red.
Hardy zones 7a to 9 ( tolerating 0 F ) in full sun preferring a mediterranean climate with a dry summer. It is clay tolerant but only with no irrigation.
Arctostaphylos luciana ( Santa Lucia Manzanita )
An evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 17 ( rarely over 7 ) feet, that is native to coastal slope scrubland in the Santa Lucia Mountains in San Luis Opispo Co, California.
The smooth-edged, oval to rounded leaves, up to 1.6 x 1 inches, are woolly to smooth and green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in racemes.
They are followed by red fruit, up to 0.5 inches.
Arctostaphylos manzanita ( Manzanita )
A very attractive, moderate growing, rounded, evergreen, large shrub to small tree.
Some records include: 25 years - 19 feet with a trunk diameter of 5 inches; largest on record - 40 x 47 feet with a trunk diameter of 3.7 feet. It often forms large thickets in the wild.
The leathery, oval leaves, up to 2.5 x 1.7 inches, are hairy and green on both sides.
The deep pink flowers are borne on racemes during early spring.
They are followed by berries that are white, later ripening to reddish-brown in autumn.
The attractive deep red peels to expose brighter red fresh bark.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil. Very tolerant of extended drought. Boil seeds for 15 minutes before sowing to loosen seed coat and improve germination.
Dr. Hurd
Fast growing and upright in habit, reaching a maximum size of 17 x 17 feet, can be pruned as a small tree.
Larger rounded leaves, up to 3 inches.
Tolerates temperatures as low as 0 F.
St Helena
Vigorous and tree-like, reaching a maximum size of 20 x 20 feet.
The foliage is bluer than the species.
Tolerates as low as 5 F. Leaf spot resistant.
Arctostaphylos mewukka ( Indian Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 13 feet, that is native to the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California.
The broad lance to rounded leaves, up to 2.8 inches, are smooth and dull green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in loose racemes.
They are followed by rounded, red-brown fruit, up to 0.6 inches.
Arctostaphylos montaraensis ( Montara Manzanita )
A dense, erect, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum height of 17 feet, that is native to Montara and San Bruno Mountain in San Mateo County, California where it is extremely endangered.
The rough, ovate leaves, up to 2 x 1 inches, are dull green.
The cone-shaped flowers, up to 0.3 inches, are borne in dense racemes.
The stems are deep red.
Drought tolerant, it makes an attractive landscape plant.
* photos of unknown internet source
Arctostaphylos montereyensis ( Toro Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 6.5 ( rarely over 3 ) feet, that is native to
sandy maritime scrubland near Salinas in Monterey County, California where it is highly endangered.
The rough, smooth-edged, oval to round leaves, up to 1.8 x 1 inches, are deep green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by bristly drupes, up to 0.3 inches across.
Arctostaphylos morroensis ( Morro Manzanita )
A spreading evergreen large shrub to mini-tree, reaching a maximum size of 6 x 10 feet, that is native to sandy scrubland in Morro Bay in San Luis Opispo Co. California where it is extremely endangered.
The oval leaves are deep green above, dull gray-green beneath.
The very light pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in abundant, dense racemes.
They are followed by red fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The shredded bark is reddish-gray.
Hardy zones 8a to 10
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia ( Ione Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 4 x 6.5 feet, that is native to scrub and open woodlands in Calaveras & w Amador Counties in central California. Extremely rare, it is listed federally as threatened with extinction. It will like soon be relisted as endangered as Phytophthora cinnamomi and newly introduced Phytophthora cambivora are killing the few remaining natural stands.
The elliptic leaves, up to 0.7 inches in length, are glossy bright green.
The small pink, urn-shaped flowers, up to 0.8 inches, are borne on racemes during winter.
They are followed by berries during
The attractive, smooth, waxy bark is reddish in color. The stems are bright red.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos nevadensis ( Pine Mat Manzanita )
A very beautiful, mat-forming, low, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 2 x 8 feet, that is native to coniferous mountain forests of Nevada. It is similar in habit to Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.
The leaves, up to 1.3 x 0.6 inches, are bright green.
The white, urn-shaped flowers are borne on racemes.
They are followed by fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The stems are dull red.
Hardy zones 4 to 6 in full sun on well drained soil. Requires cool winters and snow cover. Great for the British Isles and the Pacific Northwest. A great groundcover used to stabilize slopes.
Arctostaphylos nummularia ( Glossyleaf Manzanita )
Also called Fort Bragg Manzanita. A shrub reaching a maximum size of 6.5 x 17 feet, that is native to forested mountains in California north of San Francisco.
The very finely toothed to smooth-edge, oblong leaves, up to 1 inch in length, are very glossy deep green above, paler beneath.
The hanging, white to pinkish-white flowers are borne in racemes during early spring.
They are followed by red berries, up to 0.2 inches.
The attractive bark is red.
Hardy zones 6 to 8 in full sun to partial shade on acidic, well drained soil.
Easy to grow, esp in western Oregon.
Arctostaphylos obispoensis ( Serpentine Manzanita )
Also called Bishop Manzanita. A mid-sized to large, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 20 x 8 ( averaging 4 ) feet, that is native to coastal range forests of the southern Santa Lucia Mountains of San Luis Opispo County,
California. During severe extended drought it may become semi-deciduous.
The pointed, broadly lance-shaped to oblong leaves, up to 1.8 x 1 inches, are fuzzy and gray-green. The foliage is woolly at first, later becoming smooth.
The white, urn-shaped flowers are borne on dense racemes.
They are followed by fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The stems are deep red.
Hardy zones 8 to 10 in full sun to partial shade on just about any well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos oppositifolia
A large evergreen shrub that is native to the Baja Peninsula.
Some records include: largest on record - 33 feet.
The leaves, up to 3.3 inches in length, are green.
The flowers are borne in racemes during
They are followed by berries during
Hardy zones 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos osoensis ( Oso Manzanita )
A dense, spreading evergreen shrub reaching a maximum height of 13+ feet, that is native to the western Los Oso Valley in San Luis Obispo County in California where it is endangered.
The smooth-edged to toothed leaves, up to 1.3 x 1 inches, are glossy deep green.
The leaves are stem clasping and strongly overlapping.
The urn-shaped flowers, up to 0.2 inches across, are borne in racemes.
They are followed by smooth fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The shredded bark is gray.
Arctostaphylos otayensis ( Otay Manzanita )
An erect, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 9 x 6 feet, that is native to mountains of San Diego County in California.
The smooth-edged, pointed, oval leaves, up to 1.3 x 0.8 inches, are green.
The bright pink flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by red fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The shredded bark is red turning to gray.
Hardy zones 7a to 10
Arctostaphylos Pacific Mist
A handsome, trailing, low, spreading evergreen shrub, reaching a maximum size of 2 x 10 feet. A great groundcover for parking medians.
The foliage is striking blue-gray.
Hardy zones 7a to 10 in full sun. Very drought tolerant but also tolerates irrigation if planted on very well drained soil. Prune during late spring.
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis ( Pajaro Manzanita )
A dense, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 12 x 7 ( rarely over 7 ) feet, that is native to scrubland in Santa Cruz and far west San Benito Counties where it is has become extinct in the wild.
Some records include: feet.
The smooth to toothed, triangular leaves, up to 1.6 x 1 inches, are red tinted gray-green to mid-green.
The pinkish-white to pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne on loose panicles, during late winter.
They are followed by hairy, deep red berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
The shredded bark is gray to red.
Hardy zones 7 to 9 in full sun on sandy well drained soil, even on pure sand. Thrives where annual average rainfall exceeds 20 inches. Do NOT plant on heavy wet clay.
Bretts Beauty
Reaches up to 6 x 6 feet, with foliage that is intense deep red at first, turning to blue-green.
Hardy zones 8a to 10
Lester Rowntree
Reaches up to 8 x 8 feet, with foliage that is coppery-red at first, turning to silvery-blue.
The flowers are pink.
Hardy zones 8a to 10
Warren Roberts
A very attractive, fast growing, large, spreading shrub, reaching up to 7 x 8 feet.
Some records include: 5 years - 6 x 7 feet.
The triangular leaves are bright orange-red at first, turning to blue-green.
The flowers are pinkish-white.
Hardy zones 7a to 10
Arctostaphylos parryi ( Parry Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 10 x 10 ( rarely over 6.5 ) feet, that is native to coastline areas from Santa Barbara Co. to the San Gabriel Mountains in California.
Some records include: feet.
The pointed, oval leaves, up to 2 x 1 inches, are bright green.
The small, pinkish-white flowers are borne on racemes.
They are followed by dark brown fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
Hardy zones 5 to 8 ( tolerating -30 F ) in full sun. Thrives where annual average rainfall exceeds 16 inches.
Arctostaphylos patula ( Greenleaf Manzanita )
A multistemmed, rounded, spreading shrub reaching a maximum size of 10 x 13 ( rarely over 7 x 7 ) feet, that is native to high mountain coniferous forests in the western U.S. ( from Washington and Montana to Colorado; south to Nevade to Utah ).
The thick, leathery, broadly oval to oblong or rounded leaves, up to 2.3 x 1.6 inches, are glossy bright gray-green to luxuriant mid-green.
The small, white to pale pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in loose panicles, up to 3 inches in length, during mid to late spring.
They are followed by small, dark brown to black berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
The attractive smooth bark is reddish-brown.
Hardy zones 4 to 6 ( tolerating -30 F ) in full sun on humus-rich, fertile, acidic, well drained soil. Likes climates with cool winters and heavy snowfall. It likes cool summers and grows well in mountain areas of in the Northeast esp. Massachussetts.
The seed can remain dormant for hundreds of years then germinate after a forest fire followed by a cold winter.
Arctostaphylos pechoensis ( Pecho Manzanita )
A dense, large, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 17+ ( rarely over 10 ) feet, that is native to coastal scrubland and coniferous forests in the Pecho Hills southwest of San Luis Opispo Co., California.
The smooth-edged to toothed, oval leaves, up to 1.6 x 1 inches, are green.
The overlapping leaves clasp the stems.
The fruit are up to 0.5 inches across.
Arctostaphylos peninsularis
An evergreen shrub, reaching a maximum height of 12 feet.
The elliptical to oval leaves are silvery-blue.
The flowers are pinkish-white.
Hardy zones 8a to 10
Arctostaphylos pilosula ( Santa Margarita Manzanita )
An evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 6.5 feet, that is native to mountainous habitat in San Luis Opispo and Monterey Counties in California.
The oval to rounded leaves, up to 1.3 x 0.8 inches, are smooth and dull green.
They are followed by red-brown fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
Arctostaphylos polifolia
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 20 feet, that is native to
Some records include: feet.
The leaves, up to inches, are green.
The flowers are borne in racemes during
They are followed by berries during
Hardy zones 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos pringlei
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 17 x 23 ( typically less than half that ) feet, that is native from Arizona south into the Baja Peninsula.
Some records include: largest recorded trunk - 1 foot diameter.
The rounded leaves, up to 2 inches in length, are green.
The flowers are pink.
Hardy zones 7 to 9 in full sun on well drained soil.
* photos taken by F. Lee Kirby @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Arctostaphylos pumila ( Sandmat Manzanita )
A mat-forming, wide creeping evergreen shrub, rarely exceeding 1 foot in height, that is native to sand dune to wooded coastline in the Monterey Bay area of California.
Some records include: largest on record - 8 x 12 feet.
The small, oval to spatulate leaves, up to 1 x 0.6 inch in length, are bright green turning to deep green above, fuzzy beneath.
The flowers are white to very light pink.
They are followed by rounded brown fruit, up to 0.2 inches across.
Hardy zones 8 to 9 in full sun on sandy, well drained soil.
Arctostaphylos pungens ( Pointleaf Manzanita )
An erect to spreading, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 27 x 20 ( rarely over 10 ) feet, that is native to scrublands and woodlands from California & Nevada to Texas; south into central Mexico.
The oval leaves are up to 2 x 0.6 inches.
The bright green foliage is slightly woolly at first, later turning leathery.
The pinkish-white, urn-shaped flowers are borne in rounded inflorescences during early spring.
The attractive bark is smooth and red.
Hardy zones 5 to 10 in full sun on dry sandy to gravelly, well drained soil.
The seed requires scarification by wildfire to germinate.
Arctostaphylos purissima ( Lompoc Manzanita )
A dense low spreading to mounded evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 5 x 15 feet, that is native to coastal scrub in western Santa Barbara Co. in California.
During severe extended drought, it may become deciduous.
Some records include: largest on record - 13+ feet.
The small, smooth-edged, pointed oval leaves, up to 1 x 0.8 inches, are deep green.
The white, bell-shaped flowers are borne in clusters at the branch tips.
They are followed by berries during
The stems are red.
Hardy zones 8 to 10 ( tolerating as low as 0 F ) in full sun on well drained soil.. Thrives where annual average rainfall exceeds 15 inches.
Arctostaphylos refugioensis ( Refugio Manzanita )
A dense, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 13+ feet, that is native to coastal scrubland in Santa Barbara Co., California.
Some records include: feet.
The oblong leaves, up to 1.8 x 1.3 inches, are dull green.
The 0.3 inch flowers are borne in racemes during winter.
They are followed by red fruit, up to 0.3 inches in length.
Arctostaphylos regismontana ( Kings Mountain Manzanita )
A shrub reaching a maximum size of 13+ feet, that is native to the Santa Cruz Mountains in the southern San Francisco Bay area.
Some records include: feet.
The smooth-edged to toothed, ovate to oblong leaves, up to 2.4 x 1.3 inches, are bright green.
The flowers are borne in racemes.
They are followed by sticky fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
Arctostaphylos rubra
Similar to A. uva-ursi.
The berries are similar to A. uva-ursi but taste better and are juicier. Cooking still however does improve the taste.
Arctostaphylos rudis ( Sand Mesa Manzanita )
A handsome, fast growing, small, erect, evergreen shrub originating from a burl, reaching a maximum size of 6.5 x 7 feet, that is native to scrubland on the central California coast.
Some records include: 5 years - 5 x 5 feet.
The smooth-edged, oval to round leaves, up to 1.3 x 0.8 inches, are glossy green.
The small, white, urn-shaped flowers are borne late autumn to winter.
They are followed by abundant, smooth red fruit, up to 0.3 inches.
The young branches are covered in fibers. The older stems have shredded red or gray bark.
Hardy zones 7b to 10 ( tolerating as low as 5 F ) on sandy soil. Thrives in Puget Sound as do most Manzanitas. Very resistant to black spot.
Vandenburg
More compact but eventually larger growing, reaching up to 7 x 10 feet.
Some records include: 5 years - 3 x 3 feet.
Hardy zones 8a to 10, tolerating 10 F.
Arctostaphylos silvicola ( Bonny Doon Manzanita )
Also called Ghost Manzanita. An evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 20 x 20 ( rarely over 10 ) feet, that is native to sandy coniferous forests on the coastal slope of the southern Santa Cruz Mountains in the southwest San Francisco Bay area.
The slightly woolly to smooth, oval leaves, up to 1.5 x 0.6 inches, are pale gray-green to silvery.
The white, urn-shaped flowers are borne on raceme.
They are followed by berries, up to 0.5 inches across.
The smooth bark is dark red.
Hardy zones 8 to 10 in full sun to partial shade.
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ( Stanfords Manzanita )
A bushy, evergreen shrub reaching a maximum size of 8 x 6 feet, that is native to coastal ranges of California north of San Francisco.
Some records include: fastest recorded growth rate - 2 feet.
The pointed, oval leaves, up to 3 x 1 ( rarely over 2 ) inches, are luxuriant mid-green to blue-green.
The pinkish-white to pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne on loose inflorescences.
They are followed by oblong, red berries, up to 0.3 inches, during autumn.
The smooth bark is reddish-brown.
Hardy zones 6 to 10 in full sun on well drained soil.
Bakeri
Reaches a maximum size of 10 x 9 feet.
Hardy zones 6 to 9
Louis Edmunds
Reaches a maximum size of 10 x 6 feet.
Arctostaphylos Sunset
An evergreen shrub, reaching a maximum size of 6 x 8 feet. Some records include: 5 years - 4 x 6 feet.
The attractive foliage is reddish-orange at first, turning to olive-green and are edged in small white hairs.
The white flowers borne during late winter are followed by small berries.
The attractive bark is mahogany-red.
Hardy zones 7a to 9
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Shagbark Manzanita )
Also called Downy Manzanita. An evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 25 x 12 ( typically half ) feet, that is native to scrubland and coniferous forests of the central California coastline.
The oval leaves, up to 2.5 x 1 inches, are glossy green above and gray felted beneath.
The white to pinkish-white flowers are borne in racemes.
They are followed by rust-brown berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
The attractive bark peels in long shreds. The young stems are densely hairy.
Hardy zones 7 to 10 ( tolerating 0 F easily ) in full sun on well drained soil.
subsp. rosei
Red branches.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ( Bearberry )
A fast growing, low, mat-forming, evergreen, groundcover shrub, reaching a maximum size of 2 x 25 feet ( average is 10 inches x 4 feet ), that is native to northeastern North America and the western U.S. ( Alaska to Newfoundland & Greenland; south to California, New Mexico, Michigan to New Jersey ). It is also native to Eurasia from Iceland through Norway thru arctic Siberia; south to Spain, the Apennines in Italy, Turkey, the Caucasus and the Himalayas. Typically slow growing, on ideal sites, it can spread up to 2 feet per year. Once established, Bearberries form a dense, thick mat, making it an excellent plant for erosion control. The stems are self rooting as they creep along the ground. The woody dry stems are sometimes used for fuel in the Arctic where trees are rare.
The thick, oval leaves, up to 1.3 x 0.5 inches in size, are glossy deep green.
The foliage often turns reddish during the winter. The leaves persist from 1 to 3 years.
The nodding, small, white to pinkish-white, urn-shaped flowers are borne in drooping clusters during mid to late spring.
The flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies.
They are followed in autumn by bright red berries, up to 0.4 inches across. The berries persist well into winter. The berries are edible but not very tasty. They are however rich in Vitamin C and Carbohydrates. The fruits are sweeter when cooked and can be used in preserves and pies.
Hardy zones 1 to 6 ( tolerating as low as -50 F ) in full sun to partial shade on fertile, humus-rich, acidic, very well drained soil. Prefers a soil PH from 5 to 6 and is tolerant of drought, salt spray and wind. This is one of the very few Manzanitas that actually thrive in humid summer climates such as eastern North America. The foliage may windburn in severe climates with no snowfall during winter. Site carefully since it does not enjoy root disturbance or transplanting, they resent fertilizing.
Propagation is from cuttings that are rooted in moist sand over the winter. Layering is also an option as is semi-ripe cuttings taken during summer. Seed can also be used but with slower results. It is not eaten by deer.
* photos taken on Sep 21 2013 in Howard Co., MD
Big Bear
Fast growing, with larger, glossy deep green foliage, that often turn reddish during winter.
The red berries are also larger than the species.
Hardy zones 5 to 8.
Emerald Carpet
A low, dense, mounding, evergreen shrub, reaching a maximum size of 1.5 x 10 feet.
Some records include: fastest growth rate - 1.5 feet.
The thick, broadly-oval leaves, are glossy bright green.
The small, white, urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense panicles during spring.
The smooth bark is purplish.
Massachussetts
Very vigorous and dense, reaching a maximum size of 1 x 15 feet. The thick, glossy deep green foliage is resistant to pests and diseases including leaf spot.
Pt. Reyes
Rapid growing and dense, reaching a maximum size of 2 x 10 feet.
The foliage is deep green.
The flowers are pink.
Hardy zones 5 to 10, tolerant of heat, clay and smog.
Much more drought tolerant than species.
Vancouver Jade
Very vigorous, reaching up to 15 inches tall, with glossy foliage that turns bright red during autumn.
The flowers are pink.
Excellent disease resistance.
* photo taken on June 23 2013 @ U.S. National Arboretum, DC
Woods Red
Dwarf in habit, reaching a maximum size of 1 x 8 feet.
The pink flowers are followed by large, glossy red fruit.
The foliage is glossy deep green, turning reddish during winter.
The young stems are also red.
Arctostaphylos virgata ( Bolinas Manzanita )
Also called Marin Manzanita. An evergreen large shrub to small tree, reaching a maximum size of 17 + feet, that is native to scrubland and forests in Marin Co., California incl. Pointe Reyes.
The rough, sticky, oval leaves, up to 2 x 1 inches, are glossy mid-green.
The pinkish-white, urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense racemes.
They are followed by bristly berries, up to 0.3 inches across.
The twisted branches have deep red bark.
Hardy zones 7b to 10 ( tolerating 5 F ) in cool summer Mediterranean climates.
* photo of unknown internet source
Arctostaphylos viridissima ( Whitehair Manzanita )
An evergreen shrub or small tree, reaching a maximum size of 13 feet, that is native to the Channel Islands and Santa Cruz Island in California.
The oval leaves, up to 1.5 x 1 inches, are fuzzy at first, turning to glossy green.
The urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense racemes during
They are followed by fruit, up to 0.3 inches across.
The peeling bark is red.
Arctostaphylos viscosa ( Whiteleaf Manzanita )
An evergreen large shrub to small tree, rarely exceeding 15 feet, that is native to scrubland and coniferous forest the U.S. west coast from Oregon to California. Some records include: largest on record - 31 x 32 feet with a trunk diameter of 2.5 feet.
The oval to rounded leaves, up to 2 x 1.6 inches, are dull green to blue-green on both sides.
The white to pale pink, urn-shaped flowers are borne in dense inflorescences.
They are followed by shiny red fruits, up to 0.3 inches across.
The mahogany stems can be either smooth or fuzzy.
Hardy zones 6 to 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
The seed requires fire for germination.
December Skies
Very white foliage.
Hardier, to zone 4b ( tolerating as low as -25 F ).
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